Repetition: Crackles - Late Inspiratory (Rales) Training

Crackles - Late Inspiratory (Rales)

For best results from repetition training, listen for 2-3 minutes.

Listening Tips

S1:
Systole:
S2:
Diastole:
Features:Crackles begin in late inspiration and increase. High-pitched, variable loudness. Best heard over posterior bases of the lungs. Do not usually clear with coughing

Learning Resources

If you need to learn heart sound or refresh your skills, you can use our training modules with our audio, video and text lessons. Many of our auscultation modules at no charge. We suggest starting with normal sounds, then first, second and third/fourth heart sounds, then adding the several abnormal murmurs.

Popular Modules

Auscultation Quizzes
Fundamentals of Heart Sounds
Normal Heart Sounds
First Heart Sounds
Second Heart Sounds
Third and Fourth Heart Sounds
Systolic Murmur
Diastolic Murmurs
Complex Murmurs
Congenital Abnormalities
Cardiac Conditions - Sudden Death
Fundamentals of Lung Sounds

Course and quiz certificates are available for users enrolled in Auscultation-Essentials or Advanced. Achievement certificates can be printed and are saved to the user's dashboard.

Authors and Sources

Authors and Reviewers

Heart sounds by Dr. Jonathan Keroes, MD and David Lieberman, Developer, Virtual Cardiac Patient.
Lung sounds by Diane Wrigley, PA
Respiratory cases: William French
David Lieberman, Audio Engineering
Heart sounds mentorship by W. Proctor Harvey, MD
Special thanks for the medical mentorship of Dr. Raymond Murphy
Reviewed by Dr. Barbara Erickson, PhD, RN, CCRN.
Last Update: 11/10/2021

Sources

Heart and Lung Sounds Reference Library Diane S. Wrigley
Publisher: PESI
Impact Patient Care: Key Physical Assessment Strategies and the Underlying Pathophysiology
Diane S Wrigley & Rosale Lobo
Practical Clinical Skills: Lung Sounds
Essential Lung Sounds Diane S. Wrigley, PA-C
Published by MedEdu LLC
PESI Faculty - Diane S Wrigley
Case Profiles in Respiratory Care 3rd Ed, 2019
William A.French
Published by Delmar Cengage
Essential Lung Sounds by William A. French
Published by Cengage Learning, 2011
Understanding Lung Sounds Steven Lehrer, MD
Clinical Heart Disease W Proctor Harvey, MD
Clinical Heart Disease
Laennec Publishing; 1st edition (January 1, 2009)
Heart and Lung Sounds Reference Guide
PracticalClinicalSkills.com