Endocrine
Number of endocrine flashcards: 59
Number of endocrine flashcards studied: 0
Number of endocrine flashcards studied: 0
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Start Flashcard Study Return to Medical Terminology homepage| Medical Term | Description |
| -crine | to secrete |
| -dipsia | thirst |
| acr/o | extremities, top |
| acromegaly | A hormonal disorder that results when the pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone. |
| aden/o | gland |
| adren/o | adrenal glands |
| adrenalectomy | Surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands. |
| adrenalitis | Inflammation of the adrenal glands, |
| aldosteronism | A disease that causes the adrenals to produce too much of the hormone aldosterone. |
| antidiuretic hormone | A hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland. This hormone controls the amount of water excreted in the urine. |
| blood glucose | The concentration of glucose in the blood. Also called blood sugar. Measured regularly in diabetes patients. |
| blood sugar | The concentration of glucose in the blood. Measured regularly in diabetes patients. |
| calcitonin | A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. It helps regulate calcium levels. |
| cortic/o | cortex, outer section |
| cortisol | The primary stress hormone. |
| cretinism | A congenital condition caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormone. |
| crin/o | secrete |
| Cushing syndrome | A condition when abnormally high levels of a hormone called cortisol are present. |
| diabetes insipidus | A hormonal condition that causes the individual to have excessive and frequent urination. Inadequate ADH secretion. |
| diabetes mellitus | A grouping of diseases that affect how the body uses glucose. Type I is lack of insulin, Type II is insulin resistance. |
| diabetic retinopathy | The most common diabetic eye disease. It occurs when blood vessels in the retina are damaged. Leading cause of blindness in working age adults. |
| electrolytes | Minerals in the blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge. |
| endocrine system | The system of glands that release their secretions (hormones) directly into the circulatory system. |
| epinephrine | A hormone secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands. Commonly called adrenaline. |
| estrogen | Hormones that are important for sexual and reproductive development in females. |
| exophthalmos | A bulging eyeball, associated with hyperthyroidism. |
| follicle-stimulating hormone | A hormone released by the pituitary gland. It regulates the development, maturation and reproductive processes of the body. |
| gigantism | Abnormal growth due to an excess of growth hormone during childhood. |
| glucagon | A peptide hormone produced in the pancreas that opposes insulin. |
| glucose | Sugar in the blood that supplies energy to cells. |
| glyc/o | glucose, sugar |
| hypercalcemia | Too much calcium in the blood. |
| hyperglycemia | High blood sugar. A serious problem for diabetics. |
| hyperinsulinism | Abnormally high levels of insulin in the blood. |
| hyperpituitarism | Excessive hormone production by the pituitary gland. |
| hyperthyroidism | Excessive hormone production by the thyroid. |
| hypoglycemia | Abnormally low blood glucose (blood sugar) levels, usually less than 70 mg/dl. |
| insulin | A hormone produced in the pancreas. Regulates glucose levels. |
| insulinoma | A neoplasm of the pancreas that is one of the chief causes of hypoglycemia. |
| laparoscopy | Surgery using a thin light tube inserted into a small incision. |
| leptin | A hormone that regulates energy balance by helping control appetite. |
| luteinizing hormone | A hormone released by the pituitary gland. It stimulates the secretion of sex hormones by the ovary and the testes and is involved in the maturation of spermatozoa and ova. |
| norepinephrine | A neurotransmitter that is secreted in response to stress, increasing blood pressure and glucose. |
| oxytocin | A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. It simulates contraction during labor and the production of milk. |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| pancreatitis | Inflammation in the pancreas. |
| pituitar/o | pituitary |
| polydipsia | Excessive thirst. |
| polyphagia | Excessive hunger or appetite. |
| prediabetes | A condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal. Considered a warning sign for diabetes. |
| prolactinoma | A begin tumor of the pituitary gland overproduces a hormone called prolactin. |
| puberty | Becoming first capable of reproducing sexually. |
| steroids | A hormone produced by the body. Also a drug used for treating swelling or to (illegally) improve athletic performance. |
| testosterone | A hormone produced by the testicles. Responsible for maintaining muscle mass, bone density and sex drive. |
| thalam/o | thalamus |
| thym/o | thymus gland |
| thymosin | A hormone secreted by the thymus. |
| thyr/o | thyroid gland |
| thyroxine | A hormone of the thyroid gland that stimulates the consumption of oxygen. |
Authors and Reviewers
Authored by Dr. Barbara A. EricksonMedically reviewed by Dr. Jonathan Keroes, MD
Last Update: 12/18/2022
