Breath Sounds Reference Guide
Select one of the titles below to review auscultation assessment tips, view phonocardiograms/waveforms and listen to audio recordings.

                    Aortic Sclerosis (Musical Murmur)
                
                
                    Acute Pericarditis
                
                
                    Aortic Regurgitation (Decrescendo Diastolic Murmur)
                
                    Aortic Regurgitation Mild
                
                
                    Aortic Regurgitation Moderate
                
                
                    Aortic Regururgitation Severe
                
                
                    Aortic Stenosis (Diamond Shaped Systolic Murmur)
                
                
                    Aortic Stenosis Mild
                
                
                    Aortic Stenosis Moderate Regur Mild
                
                
                    Aortic Stenosis - Severe
                
                
Aortic Stenosis Moderate and Regurgitation Mild - Rheumatic
                
                    Arrhythmogenic RV Dysplasia
                
                
                    Atrial Septal Defect
                
                
                    Bronchial
                
                
                    Bronchophony Abnormal
                
                
                    Bronchophony Healthy
                
                
                    Bronchovesicular
                
                
                    Coarctation of the Aorta
                
                
                    Commotio Cordis
                
                
                    Crackles Coarse (Rales)
                
                
                    Crackles Early Inspiratory (Rales)
                
                
                    Crackles Fine (Rales)
                
                
                    Crackles - High Pitched (Rales)
                
                
                    Crackles Late Inspiratory (Rales)
                
                
                    Crackles Low Pitched (Rales)
                
                
                    Ebstein's Anomaly
                
                
                    Egophony-a
                
                
                    Egophony-e
                
                
                    Exercise Heart Rate 120bpm
                
                
                    First and Second Heart Sounds Normal and Unsplit
                
                
                    First and Second Heart Sounds Reduced Intensity
                
                
                    First Heart Sound (Markedly Split)
                
                
                    First Heart Sound (Minimally Split)
                
                
                    First Heart Sound Decreased Intensity
                
                
                    First Heart Sound Loud
                
                
                    First Heart Sound plus Aortic Ejection Click
                
                
                    Fourth Heart Sound Plus First Heart Sound
                
                
                    Fourth Heart Sound Gallop
                
                
                    Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
                
                
                    Innocent Murmur
                
                
                    Innocent Systolic Ejection Murmur - Standing
                
                
                    Innocent Systolic Ejection Murmur - Supine
                
                
                    Mediastinal Crunch
                
                
                    Mid-Systolic Click
                
                
                    Mitral Regurgitation
                
                
                    Mitral Regurgitation (Pan-systolic Murmur)
                
                
                    Mitral Regurgitation - Severe
                
                
                    Mitral Regurgitation and Aortic Regurgitation
                
                
                    Mitral Stenosis (Diastolic Murmur)
                
                
                    Mitral Stenosis - Mild
                
                
                    Mitral Stenosis - Moderate
                
                
                    Mitral Stenosis - Severe
                
                
                    Mitral Stenosis Severe and Regurgitation Mild Rheumatic
                
                
                    Mitral Valve Leaflet Prolapse
                
                
                    Mitral Valve Prolapse (Click with late systolic murmur)
                
                
                    Mitral Valve Prolapse with Mid Systolic Click - Standing
                
                
                    Myocarditis
                
                
                    Opening Snap and Second Heart Sound
                
                
                    Patent Ductus Arteriosus
                
                
                    Pleural Rubs
                
                
                    Prosthetic Heart Sound - Aortic
                
                
                    Prosthetic Heart Sound - Mitral
                
                
                    Pulmonary Stenosis
                
                
                    Pulmonic Regurgitation - Mild
                
                
                    Rhonchi - Low Pitched Wheezes
                
                
                    Second Heart Sound - Fixed Splitting
                
                
                    Second Heart Sound - Physiologic Split
                
                
                    Second Heart Sound - Splitting
                
                
                    Second Heart Sound and a Tumor Plop
                
                
                    Second Heart Sound and Late Systolic Click
                
                
                    Second Heart Sound with Fixed Splitting
                
                
                    Second Heart Sound with Persistent Splitting
                
                
                    Second Heart Sound Fixed Splitting, Decr. Aortic Intensity
                
                
                    Second Heart Sound: Fixed Splitting Incr. Aortic Intensity
                
                
                    Stridor
                
                
                    Summation Gallop at 120 beats per minute
                
                
                    Tetralogy of Fallot
                
                
                    Third and Fourth Heart Sound Gallop
                
                
                    Third Heart Sound - Physiologic
                
                
                    Third Heart Sound Gallop
                
                
                    Tricuspid Regurgitation - Severe
                
                
                    Tricuspid Stenosis - Moderate
                
                
                    Ventricular Septal Defect
                
                
                    Vesicular - Diminished
                
                
                    Vesicular - Normal
                
                
                    Wheeze
                
                
                    Wheezes - Expiratory
                
                
                    Wheezes - High Pitched
                
                
                    Wheezes - Low Pitched
                
                
                    Wheezes - Monophonic
                
                
                    Wheezes - Polyphonic
                
                
                    Whispered Pectoriloquy - Abnormal
                
                
                    Whispered Pectoriloquy - Healthy
                
                
Authors and Sources
Authors and Reviewers
- 
                    Heart sounds by Dr. Jonathan Keroes, MD and David Lieberman, Developer, Virtual Cardiac Patient.
- Lung sounds by Diane Wrigley, PA
- Respiratory cases: William French
- 
                    David Lieberman, Audio Engineering
- 
                    Heart sounds mentorship by W. Proctor Harvey, MD
- Special thanks for the medical mentorship of Dr. Raymond Murphy
- Reviewed by Dr. Barbara Erickson, PhD, RN, CCRN.
- 
                    Last Update: 11/10/2021 
Sources
- 
                        Heart and Lung Sounds Reference Library
                    
                    Diane S. Wrigley
 Publisher: PESI
- 
                    Impact Patient Care: Key Physical Assessment Strategies and the Underlying Pathophysiology
                    
 Diane S Wrigley & Rosale Lobo
- Practical Clinical Skills: Lung Sounds
- Essential Lung Sounds
                    Diane S. Wrigley, PA-C
 Published by MedEdu LLC
- PESI Faculty - Diane S Wrigley
- 
                        Case Profiles in Respiratory Care 3rd Ed, 2019
 William A.French
 Published by Delmar Cengage
- Essential Lung Sounds
                    by William A. French
 Published by Cengage Learning, 2011
- Understanding Lung Sounds
                    Steven Lehrer, MD
- Clinical Heart Disease
                    W Proctor Harvey, MD
 Clinical Heart Disease
 Laennec Publishing; 1st edition (January 1, 2009)
- 
                        Heart and Lung Sounds Reference Guide
 PracticalClinicalSkills.com
Heart and Lung Sound Reference Guide




